Çѱ¹ Áß¼ÒÁ¶¸³±â¾÷¿¡¼­ »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú Àû½Ã»ý»êÀÇ È°¿ëÀÌ
°æ¿µ¼º°ú¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ

Àå ´ë ¼º£ª, ÀÌ ¼º Áø£ª£ª

Daesung Chang£ª, Sungjin Lee£ª£ª

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Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±â¾÷ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ Áß¼Ò Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú´Â ´ë±â¾÷¿¡ ºñÇØ ¸Å¿ì ¿­¾àÇϹǷΠÁß¼Ò Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä »ý»ê°üÇà¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â ±Ý¼Ó, ±â°è, Àü±â µîÀÇ Áß¼Ò Á¶¸³¾÷ü¸¦ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÀåÁ¡À¯À², ÀÚº»¼öÀͼº, Àç°íȸÀüÀ² µîÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú Çâ»ó¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ÁÖ¿ä »ý»ê°üÇàÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ³í¹®ÀÇ °á°ú´Â JIT »ý»ê¹æ½Ä°ú Çù·ÂÀû °ø±Þ°ü°è´Â Àç°íȸÀüÀ²ÀÇ Çâ»ó¿¡ ±â¿©Çϸç, CAD/CAM, MRP µîÀÇ »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëÀº ½ÃÀåÁ¡À¯À²°ú ÀÚº»¼öÀͼºÀÇ Çâ»ó¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Abstract

The manufacturing performance of small manufacturing firms are regarded inferior to large manufacturing firms in Korea. This study is conducted to find critical factors which influence manufacturing performance of small assembly firms because most of manufacturing firms are belong to assembly industry. The small assembly firms such as metal, machine, and electric firms are selected to identify critical factors which influence manufacturing performance of small manufacturing firms, because the metal, machine, and electric firms are tipical assembly firms.
The result of this study shows that JIT production and cooperative buyer¡©supplier relationship are very important to improve inventory turnover. In addition, this study provides manufacturing information systems such as CAD/CAM and MRP are identified as critical factors to increase both market share and return on investment.

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* °æ±â´ëÇб³ °æ¿µÇаú Á¶±³¼ö ** ¿À»êÀü¹®´ëÇÐ »ç¹«ÀÚµ¿È­°ú °âÀÓ±³¼ö
³í¹®Á¢¼ö : 97. 5. 15 ½É»ç¿Ï·á : 97. 6. 10

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ÃÖ±Ù Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡ ÀÖ¾î »ý»ê¹æ½ÄÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä È帧Àº Á¦Ç° ¹× ¼­ºñ½º»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±â¼ú°³¹ß¿¡ À־µµ Ç°Áú Çâ»óÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â °ú°Å ÀüÅëÀû Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ýÀÎ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °æÁ¦¸¦ ÅëÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÈ­µÈ Á¦Ç°°ú ¿ø°¡Àý°¨À» °­Á¶Çϴ Ǫ½¬½Ã½ºÅÛ(push system)°ú ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çö´ë ±â¾÷°æ¿µ¿¡ À־´Â Ç°ÁúÇâ»óÀ» ÅëÇÑ °æÀï¿ìÀ§°¡ °¡Àå Áß¿ä½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù(Bennett, Forrester and Hassard, 1991). ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº »óȲ¿¡¼­ ±â¾÷Àº ±×µéÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í °ü°è¾øÀÌ ½ÃÀåÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ À¯¿¬¼ºÀÖ°Ô ´ëÀÀÇؾ߸¸ Çϸç, °æÀï¿ìÀ§¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¾÷Àü·«ÀÇ ±¸Ãà ¹× ÁÖ¿ä »ý»ê°üÇàÀÇ ÀÌÇØ°¡ Àý´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±â¾÷ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â ´ë±â¾÷¿¡ ºñÇØ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú°¡ ¿­¾ÇÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡Àû ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Áß¼Ò±â¾÷üÀÇ °æÀï·Â Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ »ý»ê°üÇàÀÇ ±Ô¸íÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ºÐ¾ß¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ç°Áú°ú À¯¿¬¼ºÀÇ Çâ»óÀ» ÅëÇÑ Á¦Ç° ¹× ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ °æÀï¿ìÀ§ È®º¸´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ º» ³í¹®ÀÇ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀÎ Á¶¸³¾÷ü»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç Á¦Á¶»ê¾÷¿¡¼­µµ ±× °ü½ÉÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸ðµç Á¦Á¶»ê¾÷¿¡¼­ JIT »ý»ê¹æ½Ä, TQM µîÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» µµÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ »ý»ê½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »ý»ê¼º ¹× À¯¿¬¼º µîÀ» Áõ´ë½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹× ±âŸ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡ µµÀԵǰí ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Á¶¸³»ê¾÷ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§, ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÎÇ°°ú ÀÚÀç°ü¸®ÀÇ ¿ä±¸ ¹× °í°´µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °íÇ°Áú Á¦Ç°ÀÇ »ý»ê¿ä±¸ Ư¼º ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â ½ÃÀåÁ¡À¯À², ÀÚº»¼öÀͼº, Àç°íȸÀüÀ²°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© Áß¼Ò Á¶¸³¾÷üÀÇ °æÀï¿ìÀ§¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ¿ä »ý»ê°üÇàÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ±Ô¸íÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

¥±. °æ¿µ¼º°úÀÇ Çâ»óÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä »ý»ê°üÇà

1. ±³À°, ÈÆ·Ã ¹× R&D ÅõÀÚ

Á¶Á÷±¸¼º¿øÀÇ ´É·Â°³¹ßÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ±³À°, ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ ÇʼöÀûÀ̸ç ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¶Á÷±¸¼º¿øÀÇ ÆÀ¿öÅ©¸¦ °­È­½ÃÅ°´Â ¿ªÇÒµµ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Á÷ÀÇ °³Çõ°ú º¯È­¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Á¶Á÷±¸¼º¿øÀÇ ´É·Â°³¹ßÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠÀ̸¦ À§ÇØ ÃÖ°í°æ¿µÀÚ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áß°£°ü¸®ÀÚ¿Í Á¾¾÷¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±³À°, ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ JIT ½ÃÇàÀ» À§Çؼ­ Crosby(1984)¿Í Walleigh(1986)´Â ±³À°, ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ Á¶Á÷º¯È­¿¡ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í Çϸç, ÆÀ¿öÅ©ÀÇ Çùµ¿Á¤½Å(team workship)ÀÇ ºÐÀ§±â°¡ Á¶¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Lee and Ebrahimpour(1984)´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ´Â ¹°·Ð ÃÖ°í°æ¿µÀÚµµ Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ±³À°¿¡ ÀÓÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ±â¾÷³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾÷¹«±îÁö ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ¼ö¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ R&D´Â Á¦Ç°ÀÇ µðÀÚÀΰú °³¹ß¿¡ °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿ì¼öÇÑ Á¦Ç°Àº ¼º°øÀûÀÎ R&DÀÇ °á°ú¶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Çö´ë Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡¼­ÀÇ Ä¡¿­ÇÑ °æÀï»óȲ¿¡¼­ °æÀï¿ìÀ§¸¦ È®º¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ R&D´Â ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷È°µ¿À̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÅÁ¦Ç°°³¹ß¿¡ ¸·´ëÇÑ ÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÇÑ È¸»ç°¡ °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó ÅõÀÚÇÑ ºñ¿ë¿¡ ºñÇØ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³²±âÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î R&D´Â Ç×»ó À§ÇèÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª R&D´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§Çè¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °æÀï·ÂÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼­ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷È°µ¿ÀÌ´Ù.

2. Àû½Ã»ý»ê

ÀϺ», ¹Ì±¹, ¿µ±¹ µîÀÇ ¿©·¯ ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ JIT(Just¡©in¡©Time)ÀÇ °³³äÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù(Monden, 1981; Schonberger, 1982; Hall, 1983; Crosby, 1984; Manoocheri, 1985; Nisanci and Nicoll, 1987; Suzaki, 1987; Voss and Robinson, 1987; Vonderembse, 1989). JIT´Â °í°´ÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼ö·®¸¸ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ³¶ºñÁ¦°ÅÀÇ Ç®½Ã½ºÅÛ(pull system)À̹ǷΠ°í°´ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ¼ö·®¸¸Å­¸¸ÀÇ ¼Ò·®»ý»êÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¾ç¸¸Å­ÀÇ ºÎÇ°Á¶´ÞÀ» À§ÇØ Ä­¹Ý(kanban)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í »ý»ê ·ÎÆ®»çÀÌÁî(lot size)¸¦ Ãà¼ÒÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ãà¼ÒµÈ ÀûÀº ·ÎÆ®»çÀÌÁî·Î »ý»êÀ» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â »ý»ê Áغñ½Ã°£(set-up time)À» ´ÜÃà½ÃÄѾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Å×Å©´ÐµéÀÌ ÅëÇÕµÇ¾î ½ÃÇàµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î JIT·Î¼­, JIT¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±â¾÷Àº ¿øÀÚÀç, Àç°øÇ°, ¿ÏÁ¦Ç°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç À¯ÇüÀÇ Àç°í¸¦ ¾ø¾Ö°Å³ª ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç »ý»ê½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Á¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÈ­, ÀÚµ¿È­°¡ µÇ¾î°¡°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ JIT´Â ±× Á߿伺À» ´õÇØ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.

3. °ø±Þ¾÷ü¿ÍÀÇ Çù·Â°ü°è

Á¦Á¶¾÷üµéÀº °ø±Þ¾÷ü¸¦ Àü¹®¾÷ü·Î À°¼º½ÃÅ°°í °¢Á¾ Áö¿øÀ» ÅëÇØ °Å·¡°ü°èµµ »óÈ£ Çù·Â°ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëÇØ °ø±Þ¾÷ü¿ÍÀÇ ºÎÇ°ÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎ ¹× ¼³°èºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ÇùÁ¶·Î Ç°ÁúÀ» Çâ»ó½ÃÅ°°í, Àμö°Ë»çµµ »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù(Manoocheri, 1984; Lee and Ebrahimpour, 1984; Lee and Ansari, 1985; O'Neal, 1985; Wedderburn, 1985; Westbrook, 1988; Das and Goyal, 1989). ±¸¸ÅÀÚ¿Í °ø±ÞÀÚ°£ÀÇ ½Å·ÚÀÖ´Â Çù·Â°ü°è¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁÖ¹®ºñ¸¦ Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ½Å·Ú¸¦ ±âÃÊ·Î ÇÑ °íÇ°ÁúÀÇ ºÎÇ°À̳ª ÀÚÀçÀÇ °ø±ÞÀº °íÇ°ÁúÀÇ ºÎÇ°À̳ª ÀÚÀ縦 Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò·®À¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸¸Å­¸¸ ±¸ÀÔÇϹǷΠ°á°úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Ç°ÁúÀÇ Çâ»ó»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àç°íºñÀÇ Àý°¨ µîÀ¸·Î »ý»êºñ°¡ °¨¼ÒµÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸¸ÅÇàÀ§°¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ±â À§Çؼ­´Â ±¸¸ÅÀÚ¿Í °ø±ÞÀÚ°£¿¡ ½Å·Ú¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Á¦ÈÞ(partnership)°ü°è¸¦ ¼ö¸³ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Å·ÚÀÇ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¼­·ÎÀÇ »ý»êÀÏÁ¤, ºÎÇ°ÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎ ¹× ¼³°è, ±×¸®°í ¼ö¿ä¿¹Ãø µîÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ±³È¯ ¹× °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­´Â ÀçÁ¤Àû Áö¿øµµ ÇؾßÇÑ´Ù.

4. ÆÀ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý ¹× ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀÇ Âü¿©

Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú¸¦ ±Ø´ëÈ­Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ½×Àº °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ¼öÁØÀÇ ÆÀÀ» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦Ç°°ú ¼­ºñ½º ¼öÁØÀ» °³¼±½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­´Â Á¾¾÷¿øÀÇ Âü¿©, Á÷¹«¸ôÀÔ, ÈÆ·Ã, ÀÚÀ²Àû ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ ¹× ±ÇÇÑÀ§ÀÓ µîÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï ±â¾÷°æ¿µ¿¡¼­ ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÚ»êÀ̹ǷΠÃÖ°í°æ¿µÁø°ú ±Ù·ÎÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë ä³ÎÀÌ ±¸ÃàµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î³ª Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ ¾øÀ» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×µéÀÇ ±â¼úÀ̳ª ±â´Éµµ °æ¿µ¼º°ú¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. Chung(1988)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀÇ Âü¿©°¡ »ý»ê¼º°ú À¯¿¬¼ºÀÇ Çâ»ó¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÈ´Ù°í Çϸç, Suzaki(1987)µµ ±Ù·ÎÀڵ鿡°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ¼÷·ÃµÈ ±â¼úÀ̳ª ±â´ÉÀº ¹°·Ð ÁöÀû âÀǷ±îÁö ¹ßÈÖÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

5. Ç°Áú°ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ë

TQM(total quality management)Àº ¿î¿µ, Á¦Ç°, ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °³¼±À» ÅëÇØ °íÇ°ÁúÀÇ °æÀï·ÂÀ» È®º¸Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Àü Á¾¾÷¿øÀÇ Ã¼°èÀû ³ë·ÂÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ Á¦Ç°±â´ÉÀÇ °áÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÌ»óÀ» ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, Ç°ÁúÇâ»óÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±â¾÷ÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ °æ¿µ±â¹ýÀ¸·Î È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. TQMÀº ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º(process)¸¦ Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÐ¼®Çϸç, Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °³¼±À» Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÌ º¯È­µÉ ¶§¿¡µµ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀÖ°Ô º¯È­Çϸç, Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¾¾÷¿øÀ» ±³À°½ÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ TQMÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Ç°ÁúÇâ»óÀ» ÅëÇÑ °æÀï¿ìÀ§¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ °í°´¸¸Á·À» ½ÇÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù(Mahoney and Thor, 1994). ¶ÇÇÑ ¹æħ°ü¸®(policy management)³ª ÀÏ»ó°ü¸®(daily management), ±×¸®°í QC(quality circle) ºÐÀÓÁ¶ µî°ú °°Àº ÇÕ¸®Àû °ü¸®¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¸ç, SPC(statistical process control)³ª QFD(quality function deployment) µîÀÇ Åë°èÀû Ç°Áú°ü¸®±â¹ýÀ» È°¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Ç°Áú°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ½Å¼Ó¡¤Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

6. »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ë

CAD/CAMÀº ¼³°è ¹× »ý»ê¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¿©·¯ ±â´ÉµéÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ È°¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ CAD(computer aided design)´Â ¼³°è±â¼ú ±â´ÉÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ë°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¸ç, CAM(computer aided manufacturing)Àº Á¦Á¶±â¼ú È°µ¿À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ »ç¿ë°ú °ü·ÃµÈ´Ù. CAD/CAMÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü´Â °íÇ°ÁúÀÇ Á¦Ç°À» Àú°¡·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¦Ç°À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù(Lei and Goldhar, 1991). MRP(material requirement planning)´Â ¿ÏÁ¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÏÁ¤°èȹÀ» ¿ÏÁ¦Ç°¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¿ø·á¿Í ±¸¼ººÎÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼ºÎ°èȹÀ¸·Î Àüȯ½ÃÅ°´Â ±â¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÚ·áó¸®ÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ MRPÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ µµ¿ò ¾øÀÌ´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. MRP´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àç°íÅõÀÚ¸¦ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ µµ±¸ÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, »ý»êÀÏÁ¤ °èȹ°ú ¹°ÀÚÀÇ ±¸¸Å¿¡µµ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ »ý»ê´É·Â °èȹ¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ¸ç, Àç°íÁÖ¹® Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ »ý»ê½Ã½ºÅÛ Àü¹Ý¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á È¿À²ÀûÀÎ Àç°íÁÖ¹® Á¤Ã¥À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù(Byrne and Jackson, 1994).
CAD/CAM°ú MRP, FIS(factory information system), CAT(computer aided testing) µîÀÇ ¸ðµç ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀÌ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ CIM(computer integrated manufacturing)ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÄÄÇ»Åͱâ¼úÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°ú Á¤º¸ ¹× Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀ» ÅëÇØ MRP¥±(manufcturing resource planning)¸¦ ±â¾÷¿¡ µµÀÔÇÑ´Ù¸é ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸ðµç Á¦Á¶ÀÚ¿øÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î °èȹ, ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ CIM°ú MRP¥±ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº ±â¾÷ ³» ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀ» Å©°Ô °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, »ý»ê¼º°ú Çâ»ó¿¡ Å©°Ô ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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.87270
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9.7%

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.17446
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-.09430
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.15424
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2.2 Á¾¼Óº¯¼öÀÇ ÃøÁ¤

°æ¿µ¼º°ú´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ °æ¿µÈ°µ¿±â°£ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ±â¾÷ÇൿÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­ ±â¾÷ÀÇ °ú°Å¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ÁöÇ¥ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °æ¿µ¼º°ú´Â ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÀÎÀûÀÚ¿ø°ú ¹°ÀûÀÚ¿øÀ» ±â¾÷ÀÇ ´É·Â¿¡ ¸Âµµ·Ï È°¿ëÇÑ °á°ú·Î¼­ ÀÌ °á°ú´Â ȯ°æÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ µû¶ó Å©°Ô º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù(Çѱ¹ »ý»ê¼ºº»ºÎ, 1991). µû¶ó¼­ °æ¿µ¼º°ú¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ¶õ ¹«Ã´ ¾î·Á¿ì¸ç ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö °øÀÎµÈ ÃøÁ¤¹æ¹ýÀº °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ °æ¿µ¼º°ú¿¡ °üÇÑ °´°üÀûÀÎ ÃøÁ¤À» À§ÇÏ¿© À繫ÁöÇ¥¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº º¯¼ö¸¦ Á¾¼Óº¯¼ö·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ù°, °æÀï¾÷ü¿ÍÀÇ »ó´ëÀû À§Ä¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ½ÃÀåÁ¡À¯À²ÀÇ Çâ»óÁ¤µµ, µÑ°, ÀÚ±âÀÚº» ¼øÀÌÀÍÀ²·Î ÃøÁ¤µÇ¸ç ÀÚº»»ý»ê¼ºµµ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀÚº»¼öÀͼºÀÇ Çâ»óÁ¤µµ, ¼Â°, Á¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ È°µ¿¼º°ú¿Í Àç°í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý»ê¼º ÃøÁ¤ÁöÇ¥·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Àç°íȸÀüÀ²ÀÇ Çâ»óÁ¤µµÀÌ´Ù. Á¾¼Óº¯¼öÀÇ ÃøÁ¤¹æ¹ýÀº ºñÀ²Ã´µµ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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¼³Á¤µÈ °¡¼³ÀÇ °ËÁ¤À» À§ÇØ ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀº Á¶¸³¾÷ü¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â »ó±Ù Á¾¾÷¿ø 300¸í ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ü¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Ç¥º»¼öÁýÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ ±âº»¹ý ¹ý·ü Á¦ 2Á¶ ¹× ½ÃÇà·É Á¦ 2Á¶¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é °ø¾÷ ±âŸÁ¦Á¶¾÷üÀÇ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷üÀÇ ±âÁØÀº »ó±Ù Á¾¾÷¿ø¼ö°¡ 300ÀÎ ÀÌÇÏÀÎ °æ¿ì·Î ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷À» ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡¼­ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ÀÌ ´ë±â¾÷º¸´Ù °æÀï·Â È®º¸¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Áß¼Ò±â¾÷üÀÇ °æÀï·Â Çâ»óÀ» Á¦°øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(¸ÅÀÏ°æÁ¦½Å¹®, 1996. 7.12). ¸ñÀç, °¡±¸, °í¹«, Çöó½ºÆ½, ¼¶À¯ µîÀÇ »ê¾÷Àº Job Shop ÇüÅ·Π¿î¿µµÇ¹Ç·Î Á¶¸³»ê¾÷À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î º» ¿¬±¸´ë»ó¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¼ö¸¹Àº ºÎÇ°°ú ÀÚÀç°ü¸®ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿Í °í°´µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °íÇ°Áú Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ý»ê¿ä±¸ µîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±Ý¼Ó, ±â°è, Àü±â µîÀÇ »ê¾÷¸¸À» º» ¿¬±¸´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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1.226
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ÈÆ·Ã, ±³À° ¹× R&D ÅõÀÚ
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ÆÀ Á¢±Ù¹æ¹ý ¹× ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀÇ Âü¿©
Ç°Áú°ü¸® ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ë
»ý»êÁ¤º¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ë
Constant

.10699
.11251
.05367
-.24821
12.39135
17.78262

.12148
.12803
.06107
-.28191
.47723
-

.648
.683
.324
-1.555
2.925
4.084

.5225
.5002
.7485
.1312
.0066
.0003

R Square = .47723, F = 8.55274, Signif F = .0066


t °ªÀÇ À¯Àǵµ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦Á¶¾÷üµéÀÇ ÀÚº»¼öÀͼºÀÇ Çâ»ó¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â º¯¼ö·Î´Â »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëÀÌ 5%ÀÇ À¯ÀǼöÁØ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÑ º¯¼ö·Î ÆǸíµÇ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿¬±¸°¡¼³ ¥±- 1, ¥±- 2, ¥±- 3, ¥±- 4´Â ±â°¢µÇ¸ç, ¿¬±¸°¡¼³ ¥±- 5´Â äÅõȴÙ.

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-.08590
9.59512
-.30779
-.06686
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13.71832

-.09791
.48117
-.34996
-.07627
-.00309
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-.521
2.956
-1.977
-.405
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4.368

.6067
.0061
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.0001

R Square = .48117, F = 8.73709, Signif F = .0061


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º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â JIT »ý»ê¹æ½Ä°ú °ø±Þ¾÷ü¿ÍÀÇ Çù·Â°ü°è´Â Àç°íȸÀüÀ²ÀÇ Çâ»ó¿¡ ±â¿©Çϸç, CAD/CAM, MRP µîÀÇ »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëÀÌ ½ÃÀåÁ¡À¯À²°ú ¼öÀͼº¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù°í ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Áß¼Ò Á¶¸³¾÷ü´Â ±×µéÀÇ °ø±Þ¾÷ü¿Í Çù·Â°ü°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°í JIT »ý»ê¹æ½ÄÀ» È°¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Àç°í°¨¼Ò¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿ø°¡¿Í ¿î¿µºñ¸¦ Àý°¨ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °æ¿µ¼º°ú¸¦ Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÄÄÇ»Åͱâ¼úÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ¹ßÀü°ú °í°´µéÀÇ À¯¿¬¼ºÀÖ´Â °íÇ°Áú Á¦Ç°¿ä±¸°¡ Áõ°¡µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸ðµç Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿¡¼­ »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Á߿伺Àº ´õ¿í Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç CIM°ú °°Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀÇ µµÀÔÀº Ãʺ¸»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× Á߿伺ÀÌ ±ÞÁõÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Áß¼Ò Á¶¸³¾÷ü¿¡¼­µµ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Á¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸´Ù Àú·ÅÇÏ°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀÇ ÄÄÇ»Åͱâ¼úÀÌ º¸±ÞµÈ´Ù¸é ´ë±Ô¸ð Á¶¸³¾÷ü»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áß¼Ò Á¶¸³¾÷ü¿¡¼­µµ °íµµ·Î ¹ßÀüµÈ »ý»êÁ¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È°¿ëÀÌ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­µµ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Âü°í¹®Çå

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2. Byrne, M.D. and R.J. Jackson, "A Study on Bottlenecks in a MRP Environment Using Simulation," Int'l Journal of Production Economics, Vol.35, No.1-3, 1994, pp.115-120.

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25. ¸ÅÀÏ°æÁ¦½Å¹®, 1996. 7. 12.